Ratio model for suprathreshold hue-increment detection.

We use psychophysical techniques to investigate the neural mechanisms subserving suprathreshold chromatic discrimination in human vision. We address two questions: (1) How are the postreceptoral detection mechanism responses combined to form suprathreshold chromatic discriminators? and (2) How do these discriminators contribute to color perception? We use a pedestal paradigm in which the subject is required to distinguish between a pedestal stimulus and the same pedestal added to a chromatic increment (the test). Our stimuli are represented in a cardinal space, in which the axes express the responses of the three postreceptoral detection mechanisms normalized relative to their respective detection thresholds. In the main experiment the test (a hue increment) was fixed in the direction orthogonal to the pedestal in our cardinal space. We found that, for high pedestal contrasts, the test threshold varied proportionally with the pedestal contrast. This result suggests the presence of a hue-increment detector dependent on the ratio of the outputs from the red-green and blue-yellow postreceptoral detection mechanisms. The exception to this was for pedestals and tests fixed along the cardinal axes. In that case detection was enhanced by direct input from the postreceptoral mechanism capable of detecting the test in isolation. Our results also indicate that discrimination in the red-green/luminance and blue-yellow/luminance planes exhibits a behavior similar to discrimination within the isoluminant plane. In the final experiment we observed that thresholds for hue-increment identification (e.g., selecting the bluer of two stimuli) are also governed by a ratio relationship. This finding suggests that our ratio-based mechanisms play an important role in color-difference perception.